Evaluating the effects of drought on child nutrition outcomes in rural Ethiopia, this study contributes to the growing literature on climate and child health. By drawing on two recent Ethiopian Demographic & Health Surveys (EDHS) and climate datasets, we estimate kernel propensity-score matching with difference-in-difference treatment-effects estimation models of child HAZ (height-for-age z-score) and WAZ (weight-for-age z-score) among children aged 0- 59 months. We also explore heterogeneity of effects by food system resilience attributes that determine the pathways through which drought may affect child undernutrition. Results show that drought has negative and significant effects on both child HAZ & WAZ scores. The estimated effects were largely driven from children with poor health outcomes as well as those living in areas with less diversified, low crop productivity potential, and poorly connected food systems. This suggests the need for targeted interventions that address underlying food system vulnerability to droughts.